This report presents a targeted gap assessment of India’s semiconductor ecosystem, with a specific focus on two pillars that are critical to deepening trusted U.S.–India cooperation in advanced and critical technologies: export control enforcement and intellectual property (IP) protection. Prepared by Pacific Forum with support from the U.S. Department of State’s Office of Export Controls and Border Security (EXBS), the study draws on 20 months of primary and secondary research, stakeholder interviews across India and the United States, and insights from Pacific Forum–led programs including a private sector roundtable in Bengaluru and the India Technology Policy (ITP) Fellowship.

Building on—but not duplicating—the comprehensive 2023/24 ITIF assessment commissioned by the Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) and the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), this report narrows its scope to the legal, regulatory, and institutional bottlenecks that most directly affect technology protection, supply chain trust, and alliance-based cooperation under frameworks such as iCET and the TRUST initiative.