The immediate security challenges posed by North Korea are formidable. These include nearly the full array of weapons of mass destruction: a plutonium-based nuclear weapons program now supplemented by uranium enrichment; the world’s third largest chemical weapons arsenal, possibly biological weapons and a range of ballistic missiles that may be able to deliver these weapons to South Korea and Japan. The threat from these weapons is not just direct. North Korea has threatened to transfer nuclear weapons technology, as indeed it already has, along with missiles and other arms.