On Sept. 6, 2008, the 45-nation Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) agreed to provide an exemption that permits its member states to engage in civil nuclear cooperation with India. This decision has been labeled as historic and forward-looking by the senior-most political leadership in Washington, Paris, London, Moscow, and New Delhi. But significant sections of opinion in these capitals and elsewhere remain convinced that this deal undermines global nonproliferation efforts and might set a dangerous precedent for other nuclear aspirants to seek similar waivers.